航空发动机机匣内部油路压力损失试验与计算研究

为给航空发动机燃油泵和滑油泵的出口压力设计提供依据,采用试验测试和数值模拟研究了附件传动机匣内部复杂油路的压力损失。对发动机机匣内部变管径、变转折角等多种复杂油路在不同供油流量时的压力损失进行了试验测试,获得了典型结构油路的压力损失数据和变化规律;采用FLUENT软件对试验油路进行计算并与试验结果比较分析,获得了不同流动和几何参数条件下的复杂油路计算精度和计算方法的适用性结论。研究成果对航空发动机燃、滑油系统内部油路的设计具有工程指导意义。     

跨声速涡轮轮缘复合封严结构的数值研究

为了保护航空发动机涡轮盘,阻止高温燃气向盘腔内部深入,破坏核心部件,通常将压气机冷气引入转静盘腔,以抵抗高温燃气入侵,并对涡轮部件进行冷却。本文利用非稳态与稳态数值计算方法,研究了跨声速涡轮设计工况(Reφ＞107)下的两种复合封严结构：静盘存在封严环的覆叠封严和动盘带封严齿的咬合封严结构,并与轴向封严结构进行对比。在本文所研究的范围内,对非稳态计算进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的结果表明：跨声速涡轮流动中,叶栅通道存在由激波引起的高压区,导致了燃气的剧烈入侵,因此在特征信号频谱中f/fblade=2处存在峰值,这是跨声速涡轮燃气入侵最显著的特点。稳态计算证明复合封严结构封严性能良好。静盘封严环将盘腔分割为上下两个容腔,入侵容腔滞留了绝大部高温燃气,因此高半径处封严效率较低,但盘腔低半径处封严效率明显提高,在Cw≈996时,两种复合封严结构在r/b=0.96以下都能达到很高的封严效率。咬合封严能够增加燃气流动阻力,有效减小封严冷气使用量。但是两种封严结构在当冷气流量系数从Cw=199逐渐增大到2000时,高半径处封严效率并没有明显的提高,封严效率仅提高了20%~30%。     

Effects of flow parameters on thermal performance of an inner-liner anti-icing system with jets impingement heat transfer

The multiple jets impingement heat transfer is widely applied in the wing anti-icing system. It is challenging to apply the similarity criterion to carry out the anti-icing experiments due to the complex flow and heat transfer behavior. In the present study, the full-scale slat model is used to carry out anti-icing experimental researches in a 2 m × 3 m icing wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. The effects of icing parameters Liquid Water Content (LWC) and Median Volume Diameter (MVD) and hot air parameters (mass flow rate and temperature) on the thermal performance of an inner-liner anti-icing system with jets impingement heat transfer are studied. The effects of the experimental parameters are analyzed in detail by combining impingement and evaporation heat transfer mechanisms. The impingement hot air mass flow rate dramatically affects the heat transfer performance of the impingement stagnation region within the range of the experimental parameters. The temperature of impingement hot air and that of wing skin are approximately linear correlated. The experimental results show the effects of LWC and MVD on water film formation and runback ice accretion. The formation of water film is analyzed by an analytical method based on the wing skin temperature difference of dry and wet air conditions.     

三面压缩高超进气道附面层抽吸研究

针对超燃冲压发动机中,三面压缩进气道激波/附面层干扰诱发的隔离段流向涡现象,探索了不同的附面层抽吸方式对隔离段流向涡的影响.结合附面层油流图谱及数值模拟考察了相应附面层流态,并分析了不同抽吸工况下的抽吸流量及其对出口截面总压恢复与流向涡的影响.发现隔离段流向涡气流主要源于侧壁附面层分离,相比于再附区抽吸,分离区抽吸大幅度抑制了侧壁附面层的分离流动,从源头上控制了隔离段流向涡的形成,大幅削弱了流向涡尺度,提高了进气道总压恢复.同时,抽吸面积越大,流动品质的改善作用就越明显,但是也伴随着流量损失.      

Weibull分布定时无失效数据寿命分散系数

提出一种Weibull分布定时无失效数据疲劳寿命分散系数修正方法,定义了定时无失效数据情形下分散系数的修正系数,推导了其计算公式.定时无失效数据与完全数据截然不同,因此其疲劳寿命分散系数明显不同,从疲劳分散系数的定义出发,分别对定时无失效数据情形下基于平均寿命、特征寿命、中位值寿命、最小寿命及最大寿命的两参数Weibull分布疲劳寿命分散系数进行了修正.最后对完全数据与定时无失效数据条件下分散系数计算数值进行了对比分析,结果表明分散系数的修正充分利用了产品的寿命信息,提高了产品安全寿命的预测精度,且修正系数易于计算,便于工程应用.      

基于相似电子产品信息的可靠性评估方法

对于需综合考虑新产品与历史产品多种相似性与相异性的电子产品可靠性评估问题,提出了一种适用于多批次电子产品的可靠性评估方法。基于产品的多种相似信息,通过引入非平权系数法,提出了一种基于特征属性方差检验的继承因子确定方法,解决信息融合问题。算例验证表明,此方法能够实现对具有多相似性和相异性信息的电子产品进行有效的可靠性评估,确定的继承因子更加科学合理。     

谐振式微光学陀螺标度因数及其非线性度分析

谐振式微光学陀螺(RMOG, Resonator Micro-Optic Gyro)输出标度因数非线性度在大角速度应用时变得明显,影响陀螺性能.理论分析了RMOG中频率调制偏置量对标度因数及其非线性度的影响;根据RMOG谐振腔的谐振输出特性,仿真计算了输入角速度范围内的理论标度因数及其非线性度.利用已知的温度性能测试结果建立了标度因数温度误差模型.搭建RMOG实验系统,实际测量输出标度因数~0.95.模拟和实际转动实验得到±500(°)/s范围内标度因数非线性度分别为6.88×10^-4和0.93%,表明通过有效消除环境因素影响,可以使RMOG的输出非线性度满足多数惯性应用的要求.     

利用变环境数据的Weibull分布可靠性综合评估

为了提高可靠性评估精度,研究了环境因素对产品可靠性的影响,提出了一种适用于Weibull分布的变环境数据可靠性综合评估方法.首先通过利用径向基函数法来度量不同环境因素及其交互作用对可靠性的影响,建立了关于环境因素的位置参数模型.并针对刻度参数依赖于环境因素的情形,利用线性模型来建立刻度参数模型.然后利用广义线性模型,给出了位置和刻度参数模型系数的极大似然估计,并给出了可靠度近似置信下限.实例表明该方法能较好地度量环境因素对可靠性的影响,而且合理可行便于工程应用.     

Numerical Investigation of Flow Separation Control on a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade by Plasma Aerodynamic Actuation

To discover the characteristic of separated flows and mechanism of plasma flow control on a highly loaded compressor cascade, numerical investigation is conducted. The simulation method is validated by oil flow visualization and pressure distribution. The loss coefficients, streamline patterns, and topology structure as well as vortex structure are analyzed. Results show that the numbers of singular points increase and three pairs of additional singular points of topology structure on solid surface generate with the increase of angle of attack, and the total pressure loss increases greatly. There are several principal vortices inside the cascade passage. The pressure side leg of horse-shoe vortex coexists within a specific region together with passage vortex, but finally merges into the latter. Corner vortex exists independently and does not evolve from the suction side leg of horse-shoe vortex. One pair of radial coupling-vortex exists near blade trailing edge and becomes the main part of backflow on the suction surface. Passage vortex interacts with the concentrated shedding vortex and they evolve into a large-scale vortex rotating in the direction opposite to passage vortex. The singular points and separation lines represent the basic separation feature of cascade passage. Plasma actuation has better effect at low freestream velocity, and the relative reductions of pitch-averaged total pressure loss coefficient with different actuation layouts of five and two pairs of electrodes are up to 30.8% and 26.7% while the angle of attack is 2°. Plasma actuation changes the local topology structure, but does not change the number relation of singular points. One pair of additional singular point of topology structure generates with plasma actuation and one more reattachment line appears, both of which break the separation line on the suction surface.     

基于粒子群算法的发动机部件模型求解

传统求解航空发动机部件模型中的非线性方程和共同工作方程组的方法因对初值的依赖使得模型并不总能收敛。首先针对模型中的非线性方程求解的特点,在带邻域的粒子群算法的基础上,将收敛因子、被动聚集压力因子和自适应惯性权重引入算法,提出一种混合粒子群算法HPSO1。而对模型中的共同工作方程组的求解,则是在基本粒子群算法的基础上,将收敛因子和被动聚集压力因子引入基本粒子群算法,提出另一种混合粒子群算法HPSO2。实验仿真表明HPSO1和HPSO2均克服了对初值的依赖性,因而对发动机部件模型求解是有效的。